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string galvanometer
The string galvanometer, also known as the Einthoven galvanometer, invented around 1901 by Dutch physician Willem Einthoven was the first practical electrocardiograph (ECG); it was one of the earliest instruments capable of detecting and recording the very small electric currents produced by the human heart and produced the first reliable electrocardiograms. The original machines achieved "such amazing technical perfection that many modern day electrocardiographs do not attain equally reliable and undistorted recordings".〔'Willem Einthoven and the Birth of Clinical Electrocardiography a Hundred Years Ago', S. Serge Barold, Cardiac Electrophysiology Review, Springer Netherlands January 2003 ()〕 Einthoven was awarded the 1924 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work.
==History==
Previous to the string galvanometer, scientists were using a machine called the capillary electrometer to measure the heart’s electrical activity, but this device was unable to produce results of a diagnostic level.〔'Einthoven's String GalvanometerThe First Electrocardiograph', Moises Rivera-Ruiz et al, Tex Heart Inst J. © 2008 by the Texas Heart Institute ()〕 Willem Einthoven invented at Leiden University the string galvanometer in the early 20th century, publishing the first registration of its use to record an electrocardiogram in a Festschrift book in 1902. The first human electrocardiogram was recorded in 1887, however it was not until 1901 that a quantifiable result was obtained from the string galvanometer.〔‘ECG Complete’, S. Bowbrick and A.N. Borg 2006, Elsevier Limited Page 2.〕 He was awarded the Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924 for his work.〔‘ECG Complete’, S. Bowbrick and A.N. Borg 2006, Elsevier Limited Page 10.〕
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